This weed is an invasive species of dry open areas such as those found on farms, rangeland, waste areas and roadsides. Southern rust is caused by the fungus puccinia polysora. Puccinia article about puccinia by the free dictionary. Oct 15, 20 southern corn rust scr is an destructive disease in the summer maize area and causes more than 10% yield loss in disease epidemic years. It consists of dikaryotic mycelium and two spore stages, uredineal and.
The genes conditioning morphology apparently function independently of those conditioning. Resistance in maize to the tropical american rust fungus, puccinia polysora. Komponen teknologi pengendalian penyakit karat puccinia. Woad warrior is made from the teliospores of the fungus puccinia thlaspeos c. This page was last edited on february 2014, at 20. The maize rust fungus puccinia polysora was first described in 1897 by underwood in alabama on tripsacum, a plant allied to maize.
Like common rust, it does not overwinter in kansas, but blows in from southern corn production areas. Occurrence of puccinia polysora underwood in the indian ocean. A note on efficacy of some fungicides to common rust puccinia sorghi of maize zea mays l. Horizontal dispersal of urediospores of puccinia recondita f. Leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat. Request pdf polysora rust of maize caused by puccinia polysora and its spread in karnataka in india presence of polysora rust of maize zea mays l. No spesies patogen penyebab kehilangan hasil% sumber 1 2 3 p. Collections prior to 1949 were all of puccinia sorghi schw. This classic life cycle, typified by puccinia graminis, is termed macrocyclic, and in some cases two unrelated hosts may be required for production of different spore stages, termed heteroecious.
Differential races of puccinia polysora was proposed by yeh in. Southern corn rust scr is an destructive disease in the summer maize area and causes more than 10% yield loss in disease epidemic years. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. New qtl for resistance to puccinia polysora underw in.
Few scrresistance lines are known and the deficiency in inbred lines with different scrresistance genes is evident in breeding. Pdf variability in isolates of puccinia polysora in brazil. Stripe yellow rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Combined with a genetic map constructed from 1635 snp markers obtained from the maize 9. In years when corn is planted late and the disease arrives early, yield loss can be. This phase in the life cycle of puccinia is confined to the primary host which is wheat. Variability in isolates of puccinia polysora in brazil fitopatol. Kramer research plant pathologist, usda, sea, ar, department of plant pathology, and professor, division of biology, respectively, kansas state university, manhattan 66506. According to the dictionary of the fungi 10th edition, 2008, the widespread genus contains about 4000 species. New qtl for resistance to puccinia polysora underw in maize. Common rust puccinia sorghi and southern rust puccinia polysora are two of the most important foliar corn diseases worldwide.
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of puccinia graminis with the help of suitable diagrams. Puccinia striiformis has shown a tremendous ability to adapt to resistance in the wheat host when the resistance has been based on resistance genes with major qualitative effects rgenes. Materials and methods the effect of dew period 016 hr at 4hr increments and temperature 840 c on infection of the susceptible maize hybrid pioneer maize zea mays seedlings by. Garvin 1, 1 usdaars, plant science research unit, 411 borlaug hall, university of minnesota, st. Pdf characterization of puccinia polysora epidemics in. General information about puccinia recondita puccre name language. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Penyakit karat yang disebabkan oleh jamur puccinia polysora underw sudjono, 1988 dan puccinia sorghi schweinitz merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit penting pada tanaman jagung yang menempati urutan kedua setelah penyakit bulai di indonesia bps, 1989. Puccinia graminis stem rust, also known as black rust. Stripe rust of wheat, caused by puccinia striiformis f.
In kansas, the disease generally arrives around the first of august, with about a 2week variance. Resistance to the maize rust, puccinia polysora nature. Epidemiology and control of stripe rust puccinia striiformis f. The basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. Mf3016 corn rust identification and management in kansas. The genus puccinia is the largest in the pucciniales and is considered the most economically destructive genera of biotrophic fungi 3. Paul, mn 55108, usa 2 usdaars, cereal disease laboratory, 1551 lindig st.
Crucial to investigations of the rust is determining its distribution throughout the state. There are more than 3,000 species according to other data, about 4,000 species. Puccinia definition is a very large genus the type of the family pucciniaceae that is sometimes separated into four genera and consists of heteroecious parasitic fungi having 2celled teliospores whose pedicels do not gelatinize and aecia with a pseudoperidium and including many forms that are destructive to various economic plants. These fungi have caused severe economic loss to corn yields worldwide. Bionomi penyakit karat puccinia polysora pada jagung dan. The rust was identified as puccinia psidii, which is known to have a wide host range within the myrtaceae. Effect of dew period and temperature on infection of seedling. All species in this genus are obligate plant pathogens and are known as rusts. Disease index for the rust puccinia psidii on ohi a. This weed is an invasive species of dry open areas such as those. However, life cycles of rust fungi are plastic, and many species have reduced life cycles that lack one or more of these spore stages e.
Urediniospore germination and penetration requires free water on the. Occasionally it becomes of concern in temperate regions, as in 2010. In this study, resistance to scr was evaluated in a bc1ril population comprising 118 lines grown under three different field conditions. Image use free for use under the creative commons attribution 3. The life cycle of the fungi is complex, typically involving five kinds of spores and two unrelated types of host plants. Southern corn rust scr, caused by puccinia polysora underw p. Members of this genus are serious pathogens on all major cereal. Epidemiology and control of stripe rust puccinia striiformis. Global risk levels for corn rusts puccinia sorghi and. Infection biology and aggressiveness of puccinia striiformis. Morphological characters of the sori and spore forms ofpuccinia polysora andp. Variability in isolates of puccinia polysora in brazil.
Puccinia polysora produces dense uredial pustules on the surfaces of the. Pdf new qtl for resistance to puccinia polysora underw in maize. Puccinia definition of puccinia by the free dictionary. The spor es to the right show the arrangement of germ pores drawing by lenore gray. Identification of resistance to southern corn rust puccinia. The rust fungus, puccinia graminis, is a uredine belonging to the heteroecious group, that is, one that passes from one host to another at different stages of its lifehistory. Widely prevalent plant pathogen status this map is based on data from the widely prevalent fungi project, a collabaration between usda aphis ppq and the american phytopathological society. Puccinia synonyms, puccinia pronunciation, puccinia translation, english dictionary definition of puccinia. Pdf genetic differentiation within the puccinia polysora population. A novel fungal hyperparasite of puccinia striiformis f.
Although this is the most devastating rust of the three rusts that affect corn, it is of minor importance in the usa 4. Pdf new qtl for resistance to puccinia polysora underw. Sixty single pustule isolates, from different areas of occurrence of southern rust, were evaluated for their virulence to 50 maize experimental hybrids. Disease progress is most rapid when favorable temperatures of 77 to 80f 25 to 28c and high humidity occur in fields of susceptible varieties. The influence of temperature and light on rust reaction of inbred lines of corn inoculated with specific lines of puccinia sorghi.
Polysora rust of maize caused by puccinia polysora and its. Effect of dew period and temperature on infection of. During greenhouse multiplications of pst, the uredinia sometimes gradually become dark gray, especially under high humidity. The disease is capable of reducing yield on susceptible genotypes under favorable environmental conditions, characterized by temperatures of 2328. This is an incomplete list of species in the fungal genus puccinia. Examples of puccinia rusts and the diseases they cause. Register new name species, genus, family, etc register new type specimen of existing taxa epitype, neotype, etc. Resistance in maize to the tropical american rust fungus. During 1953 we have studied resistance in maize to the form of the rust fungus, puccinia polysora underw. It is an important disease of corn in tropical areas. Southern corn rust is caused by the fungal pathogen puccinia polysora. Wheat stripe yellow rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. Effect of dew period and temperature on infection of seedling maize plants by puccinia polysora.
It has been hypothesized that the acquisition of virulence, i. Rust fungi pucciniales cause some of the most devastating plant diseases and are comprised of more than 7,000 species in over 100 genera 1,2. Deployment of resistant cultivars is an effective way to control scr. Pdf the main objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of the southern. Wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina melvin d. Puccinia polysora wikispecies, free species directory. The current and future potential distribution of these diseases was modelled with climex using the known current geographic locations of the rusts, growth and stress indices. Two weeks after inoculation, urediniospores from a single isolated pustule were collected from each sample and transferred to the same susceptible. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of the southern rust pathogen puccinia polysorain brazil, based on its virulence on a set of maize zea mays cultivars.
The damage to the plant is due to the loss of photosynthetic leaf area 3. Corn rust disease caused by puccinia polysora southern rust, is the air born pathogen that is widespread within and among corn field locations in thailand the. Agarwal pc, khetarpal rk, payak mm 2001 polysora rust of maize caused by puccinia polysora and its spread in karnataka. Members of this genus are pathogens on all major cereal crop species except rice, and some cause large economic losses. Puccinia is a genus of fungi that cause a serious plant disease commonly called rust. A rust disease of maize has been known in west africa for many years. Kehilangan hasil iagung yang disebakan oleh penyakit karat puccinia polysora pada jagung di beberapa negara penghasil jagung di dunia. Puccinia horiana pucchnoverview eppo global database.
Free for use under the creative commons attribution 3. Southern corn rust scr is a prevalent foliar disease in maize. Life cycle of puccinia graminis fungi biology discussion. Pucci nia sorghi above and puccinia polyso ra below. In georgia differential reactions was found of rpp resistance to an rppvirulent isolate of puccinia polysora pataky et al. Aspergillus ear rot purdue extension it is the policy of purdue university that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status. Morphology and taxonomy of the puccinia species on corn and. In this article we will discuss about puccinia graminis. Puccinia recondita puccreoverview eppo global database.